The Last Delivery

There was a rich couple who was throwing a big new year party at their house. So they went shopping at the market where everything was of high cost and fixed price. They wanted to maintain their level of standard so didn’t mind paying for it. After purchasing all they needed, they called a porter to carry everything and drop it at their home. The porter who came was of an old age, not very healthy looking, his clothes were torn, looked as if he wasn’t even able to meet his daily needs.

They asked the porter about the charges for delivering their goods at their home. The old porter quoted just a $20, a well below the market rate for delivering goods at couple’s home in his cart. Yet, the couple argued and bargained with the porter and finally settled for $15. The porter was struggling to make even one time’s meal so he needed anything he can earn.

The couple was very happy thinking how well they bargained with the poor porter and paid him $15 in advance and left after giving the porter their address for delivery. They reached their home and hour passed, two hours passed, but the porter still hadn’t delivered their stuff.

The wife started to get angry at her husband, “I always tell you to not to trust such person still, you never listen to me. Such person who is not even able to earn to feed himself for 1 time in a day, you handed him everything we purchased for our big party. I am sure instead of delivering at our home, he must have disappeared with everything. We must immediately go back to the market to inquire and then to the police station to file the complaint against him”.

They both left towards the market. On their way near the market, they saw another porter. They stopped him to inquire about the old porter and noticed that he was carrying their stuff in his cart! The angry wife asked him, “Where is that old thief? This is our stuff and he supposed to deliver it. It seems you poor thieves are stealing our stuff and going to sell it”.

The porter replied, “Madam, Please calm down. That poor old man was sick since last month. He wasn’t able to earn enough to even have a single meal of the day. He was on the way to deliver your stuff, but he who was hungry, sick, couldn’t gather the strength to go any further in this heat of the noon”. He fell down and while handing me $15, his last words were, “I had taken an advance for this delivery, you take this and please deliver to this address”.

“Madam, He was hungry, he was poor, but he was an honest man. I was just on the way to complete old man’s last delivery at your home”, the porter said. Upon hearing this, the husband had tears in his eyes, but the wife felt so ashamed, she had no courage to see up in her husband’s eyes.

Moral: Honesty has no class. Respect everyone regardless of their financial and social status. It’s always a good deed to give the one who deserves.

The Reflection of Your Actions

A man and his son were going through the forest hills. Suddenly, the boy fell down on the trail and screamed with a pain, “Aah!” Surprisingly, he heard the same voice from the mountain, “Aah!” Curiously, the boy shouted, “Who is this?” But the voice replied the same, “Who is this?” He got angry, and shouted again, “You are stupid!” And again the voice replied the same, “You are stupid!”

Annoyed By this, the boy asked his father, “Father, What is going on? Who is this?” The Father replied, “Son, Pay attention”. The father shouted, “You are very nice”. And the voice responded the same, “You are very nice!” The father again shouted, “Thank you”. And the voice again responded the same, “Thank you!” The son was very surprised but he still could not understand what was happening.

The father explained, “Son, people call it resonance, but this is the truth of the life. The life is a reflection of your actions. What you will give to others, you will receive the same in return.”

Moral: What we give to others, life gives us the same in return. Your life is not an accident or a coincidence, but it is the shadow of your actions.

Inspirational Story: The Empty Chair

A man's daughter had asked the local pastor to come and pray with her father. When the pastor arrived, he found the man lying in bed with his head propped up on two pillows and an empty chair beside his bed. The priest assumed that the old fellow had been informed of his visit.

"I guess you were expecting me," he said.

"No, who are you?"

"I'm the new associate at your local church," the pastor replied.

"When I saw the empty chair, I figured you knew I was going to show up."

"Oh yeah, the chair," said the bedridden man. "Would you mind closing the door?"

Puzzled, the pastor shut the door.

"I've never told anyone this, not even my daughter," said the man.

"But all of my life I have never known how to pray. At church I used to hear the pastor talk about prayer, but it always went right over my head.."

"I abandoned any attempt at prayer," the old man continued, "until one day about four years ago my best friend said to me, 'Joe, prayer is just a simple matter of having a conversation with Jesus. Here's what I suggest. Sit down on a chair, place an empty chair in front of you, and in faith see Jesus on the chair. It's not spooky because he promised, 'I'll be with you always.' Then just speak to him and listen in the same way you're doing with me right now."

"So, I tried it and I've liked it so much that I do it a couple of hours every day. I'm careful, though. If my daughter saw me talking to an empty chair, she'd either have a nervous breakdown or send me off to the funny farm."

The pastor was deeply moved by the story and encouraged the old guy to continue on the journey. Then he prayed with him, and returned to the church.

Two nights later the daughter called to tell the pastor that her daddy had died that afternoon.

"Did he seem to die in peace?" he asked.

"Yes, when I left the house around two o'clock, he called me over to his bedside, told me one of his corny jokes, and kissed me on the cheek. When I got back from the store an hour later, I found him dead. But there was something strange, in fact, beyond strange-kinda weird.

Apparently, just before Daddy died, he leaned over and rested his head on a chair beside the bed."

-Author Unknown

Top 100 Random Fun Facts

If you’re bored and have ten minutes to kill, then why not check out this awesome list of the top one hundred most random and funny facts.

1. Banging your head against a wall burns 150 calories an hour.
2. In the UK, it is illegal to eat mince pies on Christmas Day!
3. Pteronophobia is the fear of being tickled by feathers!
4. When hippos are upset, their sweat turns red.
5. A flock of crows is known as a murder.
6. “Facebook Addiction Disorder” is a mental disorder identified by Psychologists.
7. The average woman uses her height in lipstick every 5 years.
8. 29th May is officially “Put a Pillow on Your Fridge Day“.
9. Cherophobia is the fear of fun.
10. Human saliva has a boiling point three times that of regular water.
11. If you lift a kangaroo’s tail off the ground it can’t hop.
12. Bananas are curved because they grow towards the sun.
13. Billy goats urinate on their own heads to smell more attractive to females.
14. The person who invented the Frisbee was cremated and made into frisbees after he died!
15. During your lifetime, you will produce enough saliva to fill two swimming pools.
16. If Pinokio says “My Nose Will Grow Now”, it would cause a paradox. Details here.
17. Polar bears can eat as many as 86 penguins in a single sitting. (If they lived in the same place)
18. King Henry VIII slept with a gigantic axe beside him.
19. Movie trailers were originally shown after the movie, which is why they were called “trailers”.
20. An eagle can kill a young deer and fly away with it.
21. Heart attacks are more likely to happen on a Monday.
22. If you consistently fart for 6 years & 9 months, enough gas is produced to create the energy of an atomic bomb!
23. in 2015, more people were killed from injuries caused by taking a selfie than by shark attacks.
24. The top six foods that make your fart are beans, corn, bell peppers, cauliflower, cabbage and milk!
25. There is a species of spider called the Hobo Spider.
26. A lion’s roar can be heard from 5 miles away!
27. A toaster uses almost half as much energy as a full-sized oven.
28. A baby spider is called a spiderling.
29. You cannot snore and dream at the same time.
30. The following can be read forward and backwards: Do geese see God?
31. A baby octopus is about the size of a flea when it is born.
32. A sheep, a duck and a rooster were the first passengers in a hot air balloon.
33. In Uganda, 50% of the population is under 15 years of age.
34. Hitler’s mother considered abortion but the doctor persuaded her to keep the baby.
35. Arab women can initiate a divorce if their husbands don’t pour coffee for them.
36. Recycling one glass jar saves enough energy to watch TV for 3 hours.
37. Smearing a small amount of dog feces on an insect bite will relieve the itching and swelling.
38. Catfish are the only animals that naturally have an odd number of whiskers.
39. Facebook, Skype and Twitter are all banned in China.
40. 95% of people text things they could never say in person.
41. The Titanic was the first ship to use the SOS signal.
42. In Poole, ‘Pound World’ went out of business because of a store across the road called ’99p Stores’, which was selling the same products but for just 1 pence cheaper! Read More.
43. About 8,000 Americans are injured by musical instruments each year.
44. The French language has seventeen different words for ‘surrender’.
45. Nearly three percent of the ice in Antarctic glaciers is penguin urine.
46. Bob Dylan’s real name is Robert Zimmerman.
47. A crocodile can’t poke its tongue out :p
48. Sea otters hold hands when they sleep so they don’t drift away from each other.
49. A small child could swim through the veins of a blue whale.
50. Bin Laden’s death was announced on 1st May 2011. Hitler’s death was announced on 1st May 1945.
51. J.K. Rowling chose the unusual name ‘Hermione’ so young girls wouldn’t be teased for being nerdy!
52. Hewlett-Packard’s name was decided in a coin toss.
53. The total number of steps in the Eiffel Tower are 1665.
54. The Pokémon Hitmonlee and Hitmonchan are based off of Bruce Lee and Jackie Chan.
55. An arctophile is a person who collects, or is very fond of teddy bears.
56. Pirates wore earrings because they believed it improved their eyesight.
57. Los Angeles’s full name is “El Pueblo de Nuestra Senora la Reina de los Angeles de Porciuncula.”
58. The Twitter bird actually has a name – Larry.
59. Octopuses have four pairs of arms.
60. In England, in the 1880’s, “Pants” was considered a dirty word.
61. It snowed in the Sahara desert for 30 minutes on the 18th February 1979.
62. Every human spent about half an hour as a single cell.
63. If you leave everything to the last minute… it will only take a minute.
64. Unlike many other big cats, snow leopards are not aggressive towards humans. There has never been a verified snow leopard attack on a human being.
65. The first alarm clock could only ring at 4am.
66. Birds don’t urinate.
67. Dying is illegal in the Houses of Parliaments – This has been voted as the most ridiculous law by the British citizens.
68. The most venomous jellyfish in the world is named the Irukandji and is smaller than your fingernail.
69. The 20th of March is known as Snowman Burning Day!
70. Slugs have 4 noses.
71. Panphobia is the fear of everything… which is a pretty unlucky phobia to have.
72. An apple, potato, and onion all taste the same if you eat them with your nose plugged.
73. The front paws of a cat are different from the back paws. They have five toes on the front but only four on the back.
74. A company in Taiwan makes dinnerware out of wheat, so you can eat your plate!
75. The average person walks the equivalent of twice around the world in a lifetime.
76. The Bible is the most shoplifted book in the world.
77. Marco Hort has the world record for fitting 264 straws in his mouth at once!
78. Mel Blanc – the voice of Bugs Bunny – was allergic to carrots.
79. California has issued 6 drivers licenses to people named Jesus Christ.
80. According to Genesis 1:20-22 the chicken came before the egg.
81. In the Caribbean there are oysters that can climb trees.
82. Worms eat their own poo.
83. Squirrels forget where they hide about half of their nuts.
84. Over 1000 birds a year die from smashing into windows.
85. The inventor of the Waffle Iron did not like waffles.
86. George W. Bush was once a cheerleader.
87. In total, there are 205 bones in the skeleton of a horse.
88. In 1895 Hampshire police handed out the first ever speeding ticket, fining a man for doing 6mph!
89. Each year, there are more than 40,000 toilet related injuries in the United States.
90. Strawberries can also be yellow, green or white. This also affects the taste and some have a similar taste to pineapples.
91. Mewtwo is a clone of the Pokémon Mew, yet it comes before Mew in the Pokédex.
92. Every year more than 2500 left-handed people are killed from using right-handed products.
93. Madonna suffers from garophobia which is the fear of thunder.
94. China has more English speakers than the United States.
95. Samuel L. Jackson requested to have a purple light saber in Star Wars in order for him to accept the part as Mace Windu.
96. Paraskavedekatriaphobia is the fear of Friday the 13th!
97. Kleenex tissues were originally used as filters in gas masks.
98. In 1998, Sony accidentally sold 700,000 camcorders that had the technology to see through people’s clothes. These cameras had special lenses that use infrared light, which allowed you to see through some types of clothing.
99. During your lifetime, you will spend around thirty-eight days brushing your teeth.
100. Ronald McDonald is “Donald McDonald” in Japan because it makes pronunciation easier for the Japanese. In Singapore he’s known as “Uncle McDonald”.

Source: https://www.thefactsite.com/2016/06/100-strange-but-true-facts.html/4

30 fun facts about the English language

Over 840 million people speak English as a first or second language, which makes it the second most-spoken language right after Mandarin. It is an official language of a whopping 67 countries as well as 27 non-sovereign entities such as Hong Kong or Puerto Rico.

The English language is as fascinating as it is popular and obviously has its own history and quirks. Instead of only focusing on grammar and other theoretical aspects, don’t forget to enjoy its more entertaining side. To help you with this task, we have compiled a list of thirty fun and interesting facts about the English language. Continue reading to learn them and get ready to impress your friends with your newly gained knowledge!

1. English actually originates from what is now called north west Germany and the Netherlands.
2. The phrase “long time no see” is believed to be a literal translation of a Native American or Chinese phrase as it is not grammatically correct.
3. “Go!” is the shortest grammatically correct sentence in English.
4. The original name for butterfly was flutterby.
5. About 4,000 words are added to the dictionary each year.
6. The two most common words in English are I and you.
7. 11% of the entire English language is just the letter E.
8. The English language is said to be one of the happiest languages in the world - oh, and the word ‘happy’ is used 3 times more often than the word ‘sad’!
9. 1/4 of the world’s population speaks at least some English.
10. The US doesn’t have an official language.
11. It is the only major language that doesn’t have any organization guiding it - as opposed to the French Académie française, the Spanish Real Academia Española and the German Rat für deutsche Rechtschreibung. These organizations are responsible for controlling the evolution of their respective language in terms of usage, vocabulary, and grammar.
12. The most common adjective used in English is ‘good’.
13. The most commonly used noun is ‘time’.
14. The word ‘set’ has the highest number of definitions.
15. Month, orange, silver, and purple do not rhyme with any other word.
16. The English language contains a lot of contronyms - words that can have contradictory meanings depending on context. You can read a list here!
17. Over 80% of the information stored on computers worldwide is in English.
18. Words that are used to fill in time when speaking, such as ‘like’ or ‘basically’, are called crutch words (and should best be avoided!)
19. English is the official language of 67 countries.
20. 90% of English text consists of just 1000 words.
21. There are 24 different dialects of English in the US.
22. The word ‘lol’ was added to the Oxford English Dictionary in 2011.
23. What is known as British accent came to use in and around London around the time of the American Revolution.
24. Shakespeare invented many words, such as birthplace, blushing, undress, torture and many more which you will find here!
25. The word ‘Goodbye’ originally comes from an Old English phrase meaning ‘god be with you’.
26. Etymologically, Great Britain means ‘great land of the tattooed’.
27. There are seven ways to spell the sound ‘ee’ in English. This sentence contains all of them: ‘He believed Caesar could see people seizing the seas’.
28. Many English words have changed their meaning over time - for example, ‘awful’ used to mean ‘inspiring wonder’ and was a short version of ‘full of awe’, whereas ‘nice’ used to mean ‘silly’
29. The first English dictionary was written in 1755.
30. The oldest English word that is still in use is ‘town’.

5W + 1H, Yes/No Question and Tag Questions

1. 5W + 1H    : An Effective Approach to Collecting and Presenting Key

A. Information
One of the most universally used tools for information gathering, analysis, organization and presentation is the 5W1H framework. This method is used across a range of professions, from process analysts to quality engineers to journalists, to understand and explain virtually any problem or issue. The same method can be used to organize the writing of reports, articles, white papers, and even whole books.

B. The Basic ApproachThis approach seeks to answer six basic questions in gathering information about nearly any subject: Who, What, When, Where, Why, and How. Sometimes, depending on the context, a second “H” might be used: How Much. In journalism, news story writing requires that the questions to be answered take a basic form:
1. Who is it about?
2. What is it about?
3. When did it happen?
4. Where did it happen?
5. Why did it happen?
6. How did it happen?

Applying the 5W1H framework to other types of writing or investigation takes some interpretation. The order in which the answers to the questions is presented may vary, but the “what” is usually addressed first.

– WhatIn journalism, the “what” identifies an event and is often stated in the “lead (or lede),” the first paragraph of a news story. The “what” is the primary subject, the reason the information is being gathered and presented. Apart from journalism, it may be stated in a title and in a purpose statement. The “what” may need to be defined, a process that may comprise the remainder of a document. Example :    What, specifically,…?

– Who
A news story identifies who an event involves. The “who” may be part of the lede, and could be the reason the story is news worthy. In other contexts, the “who” identifies the persons or groups the “what” concerns. It might describe the audience of a document, or those who are affected by a policy, process or procedure. Example :    Who benefits?

– When
A key part of a news story is describing when an event happened. Answering the “when” indicates any time sensitivity related to the “what.” It may be part of an instruction regarding the proper point at which a action should be taken. Sometimes it may be part of an “If…then” scenario of conditional action. Example :    When will it start/end?

– Where
A news story reports the location at which an event took place. The “where” describes a geographical or physical location of importance to the “what.” At times, the where may be less important than other factors. Example :    Where are you?

– Why
The “why” is usually the most neglected of the questions in the framework. News stories often lack information from authoritative sources to explain the “why.” In other contexts, the “why” may be considered irrelevant, particularly when describing a policy or procedure decreed by an organizational authority. Efforts to ascertain and explain the “why” may help those affected be more accepting of any change the “what” requires. Example :    Why does that happen?

– How
For journalists, determining how an event took place may be nearly as challenging as explaining the “why,” although more effort is usually put to satisfying the question. When describing policies, processes or procedures, the how may be the most important part of the effort. A considerable appetite for understanding how to do something can be found across audiences. Sometimes effort focuses on the “what” when more work should be devoted to explaining the “how.” Example :    How much?

Conclusion:
The 5W1H framework can be applied to any topic at any level of granularity to gather, analyze and present information from the simplest to the most complex. Attributed to a Rudyard Kipling poem, 5W1H is the place to start and may be enough to take you to the finish.

2. Yes/No QuestionDefinition:    An interrogative construction that expects an answer of “yes” or “no.” Contrast  with wh- question.
Examples and Observations:
Homer: Are you an angel?
Moe    : Yes, Homer. All us angels wear Farrah slacks.
(The Simpsons)

“Directing a movie is a very overrated job, we all know it. You just have to say ‘yes’ or ‘no.’ What else do you do? Nothing. ‘Maestro, should this be red?’ Yes. ‘Green?’ No. ‘More extras?’ Yes. ‘More lipstick?’ No. Yes. No. Yes. No. That’s directing.” (Judi Dench as Liliane La Fleur in Nine, 2009).Principal McGee: Are you just going to stand there all day?
Sonny: No ma’am. I mean, yes ma’am. I mean, no ma’am.
Principal McGee: Well, which is it?
Sonny: Um, no ma’am.
(Eve Arden and Michael Tucci in Grease, 1978)

The yes-no question is found in three varieties: the inverted question, the typical exemplar of this kind; the inverted question offering an alternative (which may require more than a simple yes or no for an answer); and the tag question:
Are you going? (inversion)
Are you staying or going? (inversion with alternative)
You’re going, aren’t you? (tag)

3. Tag Questions
in a tag question, the speaker makes a statement, but is not completely certain of the truth, so he or she uses a tag question to verify the previous statement. Sentences using tag questions should have the main clause separated from the tag by a comma. The sentence will always end a question mark.Example:
1. There are only twenty-eight days in February, aren’t there?
2. It’s raining now, isn’t it?
3. The boys don’t have class tomorrow, do they?
4. You and i talked with the professor yesterday, didn’t we?
5. Jill and Joe have been to Mexico, haven’t they?

Reference: 1, TOEFL: Preparation Guide by Michael A. Pyle, M. A. and Mary Ellen Munoz Page, M. A.

Active and Passive Voice

A. Theory of Active Voice and Passive Voice
Active voice is the sentence that accompanied the transitive verb with the subject in front of verbs such as actors who perform an act. Passive voice is a form of the verb phrase that accompanied the three (Past Participle) describe the thing done (by the perpetrator)

B. Example : Active voice sentences are as follows :
1. We eat rice every day
2. You drink milk every day
3. They lock the gate every night
4. The Teacher is explaining the lesson
5. The Students are writing a story

Example Passive voice sentences are as follows:
1. Rice is eaten every day
2. Milk is drunk every day
3. The gate is locked every night by them
4. The lesson is being explained by the teacher
5. A story is being written by the students

Active sentences into passive sentences :
Subjects in active sentence has been at the front of the verb, and object there behind the verb. Note the changes in passive sentences below. Objects can be located in front of the verb. Past Participle (Verb to 3) is always used in active sentences.

Example :
1.(Active) : We need water
(Passive) : Water is needed
2.(Active) : They admire Madona
(Passive) : Madona is admired
3.(Active) : We educate our children
(Passive) : Our children are educated
4.(Active) : They built this house last year
(Passive) : This house was built last year
5.(Active) : They will forget this case
(Passive) : This case will be forgotten

A. Active and Passive sentences in Simple Present
- Active sentences in Present tense menggunakan Kata kerja 1
- Passive sentences in present tense menggunakan am/is/are + kata kerja 3
Example :
a.(Active) : I turn the light off at bed time
(Passive) : The light is turned off at bed time
b.(Active) : We import a lot of cars from japan
(Passive) : A lot of cars are imported from japan
c.(Active) : Recless drivers cause many accidents
(Passive) : Many accidents are caused by recless drivers
d. (Active) : Road accidents injure many people every day
(Passive) : Many people are injured in road accidents every day
e.(Active) : We export oil to other countries
(Passive) : Oil is exported to other countries

B. Active and Passive sentences Past Tense
- Kalimat aktif dalam Past tense menggunakan Kata kerja ke-2
- Kalimat pasif dalam Past tense menggunakan was/ware + kata kerja ke-3

Example :
a.(Active) : They signed the agreement
(Passive) : The agreement was signed by them
b.(Active) : Lightning struck the tree last week
(Passive) : The tree was struck by lightning last week
c.(Active) : The bad news shocked me yesterday
(Passive) : I was shocked by the bad news yesterday
d.(Active) : Steven took my picture
(Passive) : My picture were taken by steven

e.(Active) : I told him to come back the next day
(Passive) : He was told to come back the next day

C.Kalimat Aktif dan Pasif dalam bentuk Present Continuous
- Kalimat Aktif dalam present Continuous Kata kerja ke-1 + ING
- Kalimat Pasif dalam present Continuous am/is/are + being + kata kerja ke-3

Example :
a.(Active) : They are looking at you
(Passive) : You are being locked at by them
b.(Active) : The men are cutting down the trees
(Passive) : The trees are being cut down
c.(Active) : The police officer is questioning the bad boys
(Passive) : The bad boys are being questioned by the police officer
d.(Active) : The committee is considering your proposal
(Passive) : Your proposal is being considered by the committee
e.(Active) : They are decorating my room
(Passive) : My room is being decorated

D. Kalimat Aktif dan Pasif dalam Past Continuous
- Kalimat Aktif dalam past continuous menggunakan Was/Were + Kata kerja ke-1 + Ing
- Kalimat Pasif dalam past continuous menggunakan Was/Were + Being + Kata kerja ke-3

Example:
a.(Active) : He was teaching me at ten o’clock yesterday
(Passive) : I was being taught at ten o’clock yesterday
b.(Active) : They were beating up the thief until the police arrived
(Passive) : The thief was being beaten up until the police arrived
c.(Active) : The doctor was examining you when we talked with a nurse
(Passive) : You were being examined when we talked with a nurse
d.(Active) : They were following us when we walked to the park
(Passive) : We were being followed when we walked to the park
e.(Active) : He was advising the children when you went out
(Passive) : The children were being advised when you went out



E.Kalimat Akif dan Pasif dalam Present Perfect
- Kalimat aktif dalam present perfect menggunakan Have/Has + Kata kerja ke-3
- Kalimat Pasif dalam present perfect menggunakan Have/Has + been + kata kerja ke-3

Example:
a.(Active) : A mosquito has bitten me
(Passive) : I have been bitten by a mosquito
b.(Active) : We have warned him about that
(Passive) : He has been warned about that
c.(Active) : They have signed the agreement
(Passive) : The agreement has been signed
d.(Active) : We have delivered the catalog
(Passive) : The catalog has been delivered
e.(Active) : Has the government changed the regulation yet?
(Passive) : Has the regulation been changed yet?

F. Kalimat Aktif dan Pasif dalam bentuk Past Perfect
- Kalimat Aktif dalam past perfect menggunakan had + kata kerja ke-3
- Kalimat pasif dalam past perfect menggunakan had been + kata kerja ke-3

Example:
a.(Active) : Johnson had bought my horse when you met us
(Passive) : My horse had been bought by Johnson when you met us
b.(Active) : Paul told me that somebody had hit him
(Passive) : Paul told me that he had been hit by someone
c.(Active) : Somebody had hurt the woman when she reported to the police
(Passive) : The woman had been hurt when she reported to the police
d.(Active) : The kitchen looked better yesterday. Somebody had cleaned it
(Passive) : The kitchen looked better yesterday. It had been cleaned
e.(Active) : A tree was lying across the road. The storm had blown it down
(Passive) : A tree was lying across the road. It had been blown down in the storm

G.Kalimat Aktif dan pasif dalam bentuk Simple Future
- Kalimat Aktif menggunakan Future tense menggunakan Shall/Will + kata kerja ke-1
- Kalimat Pasif menggunakan Future tense menggunakan Shall/Will + be + kata kerja ke-3

Example :
a.(Active) : We shall serve dinner to the guests in ten minutes
(Passive) : Dinner will be served to the guests in ten minutes
b.(Active) : We will send you your examination results as soon as they are ready
(Passive) : You will be sent your examination results as soon as they are ready
c.(Active) : They will advise me about the price of the books
(Passive) : I shall be advised about the price of the books
d.(Active) : We shall make a decision at the next meeting
(Passive) : A decision will be made at the next meeting
e.(Active) : Our company will employ twenty new men next month
(Passive) : Twenty new man will be employed by our company next month

H. Kalimat Aktif dan Pasif dalam Future Perfect
- Kalimat aktif dalam Future Perfect menggunakan shall/will + have + kata kerja ke-3
- Kalimat pasif dalam Future Perfect menggunakan shall/will + have + been + kata kerja ke-3

Example:
a.(Active) : At ten o’clock we shall have checked the machines
(Passive) : At ten o’clock the machines will have been checked
b.(Active) : We shall have finished this programmer in a few days
(Passive) : This programmer will have been finished in a few days
c.(Active) : By the end of the day you will have done the exercise
(Passive) : The exercise will have been done by the end of the day
d.(Active) : Tomorrow Paul will have fed the rabbits by six o’clock
(Passive) : Tomorrow the rabbits will have been fed by six o’clock
e.(Active) : I shall have woken Susan by midnight
(Passive) : Susan will have been woken up by midnight



I. Kalimat Aktif dan Pasif dalam Must
- Kalimat aktif menggunakan ”Must” : Must + kata kerja ke-1
- Kalimat pasif menggunakan ”Must” : Must + be + kata kerja ke-3

Example:
a.(Active) : I must carry out this plan
(Passive) : This plan must be carried out
b.(Active) : You must not leave the baby alone
(Passive) : The baby must not be left alone
c.(Active) : You must obey the law
(Passive) : The law must be obeyed
d.(Active) : We must protect wild animals
(Passive) : Wild animals must be protected
e.(Active) : We must punish criminals
(Passive) : Criminals must be punished

J.Kalimat Aktif dan Pasif dalam CAN
- Kalimat aktif menggunakan CAN : CAN + kata kerja ke-1
- Kalimat pasif menggunakan CAN : CAN + be + kata kerja ke-3

Example:
a.(Active): You can practice English every day
(Passive): English can be practiced every day
b.(Active) : We can’t cheat them
(Passive) : They can’t be cheated
c.(Active) : Children can see this film
(Passive) : This film can be seen by Children
d.(Active) : You can borrow my motorbike
(Passive) : My motorbike can be borrowed
e.(Active) : They can arrange a meeting
(Passive) : A meeting can be arranged
Transitive and intransitive verb
What is the difference between the two verbs in the above sentences? At first thought, you may say the definition but forget about the meaning. Instead, concentrate on the grammar. How do the verbs differ grammatically?
Notice that the first sentence has two words following the verb hit. The second sentence doesn’t have words after the verb sang. These two facts lead us to a discussion on transitive and intransitive verbs.
What are transitive verbs?
Transitive verbs are action verbs that have an object to receive that action. In the first sentence above, the direct object ball received the action of the verb hit.
Here are some more examples of transitive verbs:
I baked some cookies.
I rode the bicycle.
I moved the chair.
I stitched a quilt.
All of the verbs in the above sentences are transitive because an object is receiving the action of the verb. But what about the sentence “The bird sang.” Is the verb in that sentence a transitive verb? No, in this case the verb sang is an intransitive verb.
What are intransitive verbs?
Intransitive verbs are action verbs but unlike transitive verbs, they do not have an object receiving the action. Notice there are no words after the verb sang.
More examples of intransitive verbs:
I laughed.
I cried.
The book fell.
The horse galloped.
The sun set.
In all of the above cases the subject is performing the action of the verb and nothing is receiving the action.
What about this sentence?
I walked to the park today.
Is walked transitive or intransitive? Think about the rules. Since walked has words coming after it, the verb must be transitive, right? WRONG! The phrase to the park is a prepositional phrase and today is an adverb. There is no object receiving the action of the verb walked so the verb is intransitive. To recap, a transitive verb must be an action verb plus there must be an object to receive that action.


SOAL TOEFL PASSIVE VOICE

1. _____ were first viewed through telescope by Galileo.

A. Jupiter has four moons
B. Jupiter’s four moons
C. Jupiter surrounded by four moons
D. Surrounded by four moons, Jupiter

Jawaban : B

Keyword : were first viewed

Pembahasan : Pada kalimat sudah ada kata kerja (verb) jadi kalimat ini hanya membutuhkan subjek. Selain itu kata kerja yang ada (were) adalah kata kerja untuk subjek jamak. Jadi pilihan yang tepat adalah Jupiter’s four moons.

2. In November of 1863, the city of Atlanta _____ during Sherman’s famous “March to the Sea”.

A. Was completely burned
B. Completely was burned
C. It was burned completely
D. Completely burned it

Jawaban : A

Keyword : the city of Atlanta

Pembahasan : Karena pada soal sudah ada subjek dan kalimat tersebut bermakna pasif, maka jawaban yang paling sesuai adalah was completely burned.

3. The Supreme Court does not hear a case unless _____, except those involving foreign ambassadors.

A. A trial
B. Already tried
C. It already trying
D. It has already been tried

Jawaban : D

Keyword : unless

Pembahasan : Kata unless harus diikuti klausa. Selain itu dari pola kalimatnya diketahui bahwa kalimat ini merupakan kalimat pasif. Karena itu jawaban yang dibutuhkan adalah it has already been tried.

4. _____ occasions for congratulations.

A. Birthdays that usually considered
B. Usually considering birthdays
C. Birthdays are usually considered
D. That considered birthdays usually

Jawaban : C

Keyword : occasions

Pembahasan : Kalimat ini merupakan kalimat pasif yang belum ada subjek dan predikatnya. Maka jawaban yang paling sesuai adalah birthdays are usually considered.

5. Electron storage rings _____ in investigations of the structure of materials.

A. They are used
B. That are used
C. Used
D. Are used

Jawaban : D

Keyword : rings

Pembahasan : Kalimat ini sudah ada subjek yang berbentuk jamak (electron storage rings), karena itu yang dibutuhkan adalah predikat untuk subjek jamak (are used).

Source:

* http://riskisurakhman.blogspot.co.id/2011/03/theory-and-example-active-and-passive.html

* http://www.k12reader.com/term/transitive-and-intransitive-verbs/